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21 - The best fistula may not actually be a fistula. This one is a graft. This forearm loop graft has promoted a huge cephalic vein in the upper arm. Whenever desired, this cephalic vein could be connected to the brachial artery to form an instant fistula. No catheter would be required.
22 - The cephalic vein in the upper arm was superficialized above this wrist fistula, giving much more room for cannulation.
23 - Ultrasound of a radial artery and cephalic vein at the wrist, both suitable for a fistula
24 - A thigh graft - placed when upper body options are depleted
25 - A swollen hand on the same side as an active graft or fistula - the result of a blockage in the veins on that side
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